| Fig.12. The histogram of the pixel heights that were derived from one 2400/mm holographic grating period of the AFM image.
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| Fig.13. The histogram of the blaze angles that were derived from one 2400/mm holographic grating period of the AFM image. |
| Fig.14. A representative scaled groove profile that was derived from the AFM image of the 2400/mm holographic grating and used in the calculation of the grating efficiency.
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Fig.15. The AFM image of 2 grooves of the 2400/mm replica grating. The image size is 1 mkm by 1 mkm. The horizontal and vertical scales are indicated.
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| Fig.16. The PSD function of the 2400/mm replica grating derived from an AFM image of size 2 mkm. |
| Fig.17. A typical groove profile derived from the AFM image of the 2400/mm replica grating. The average peak to valley groove depth is 90 Å. The blaze angles, measured from the horizontal, of the left and right facets are 3.4 deg. and 6.2 deg., respectively. |
| Fig.18. The layout of the automated efficiency checker (AEC) at Richardson Gratings (Newport Corp.) is shown. The apparatus is in a dark room and is computer operated. The grating and the scan arm can move independently to allow either monochromator mode (fixed grating deviation angle) or spectrograph mode (fixed grating incidence angle) or any other geometry (e.g. fixed wavelength, scanning incidence angle) to be measured. |
| Fig.19. The Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility (DGEF) of the NASA GSFC Optics Branch. |
| Fig.20. The FAUST scatterometer set-up (vacuum environment configuration). Focusing mirror focal length is 1.2 m. All hardware is computer-controlled (except grating tip-tilt mount). |
| Fig.21. The NRL beamline X24C attached to the NSLS X-ray ring. |
